Although anxiety disorders represent a major societal problem demanding new therapeutic
targets, these efforts have languished in the absence of a mechanistic understanding of this …

We revisit recent evidence showing that nasal respiration entrains oscillations at the same
frequency as breathing in several regions of the rodent brain. Moreover, respiration …

Network dynamics have been proposed as a mechanistic substrate for the information
transfer across cortical and hippocampal circuits. However, little is known about the …

The ventral hippocampus (vHPC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and basolateral
amygdala (BLA) are each required for the expression of anxiety-like behavior. Yet the role of …

Gamma oscillation is the synchronization with a frequency of 30–90 Hz of neural
oscillations, which are rhythmic electric processes of neuron groups in the brain. The …

The neuronal circuits of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) are crucial for acquisition,
consolidation, retrieval, and extinction of associative emotional memories. Synaptic plasticity …

Orchestrating appropriate behavioral responses in the face of competing signals that predict
either rewards or threats in the environment is crucial for survival. The basolateral nucleus of …

Fear expression relies on the coordinated activity of prefrontal and amygdala circuits, yet the
mechanisms allowing long-range network synchronization during fear remain unknown …

How consciousness appeared much earlier in evolutionary history than is commonly
assumed, and why all vertebrates and perhaps even some invertebrates are conscious …

INTRODUCTION Affective or metabolic states, such as anxiety, stress, or thirst, enable
adaptations of perception and the selection of appropriate behaviors to achieve safety or …