We are beginning to understand how the larvae of molluscs and echinoderms with complex
life cycles will be affected by climate change. Early experiments using short-term exposures …

There is increasing concern about the impacts of microplastics (< 1 mm) on marine biota.
Microplastics may be mistaken for food items and ingested by a wide variety of organisms …

Anthropogenic CO 2 emissions are acidifying the world's oceans. A growing body of
evidence demonstrates that ocean acidification can impact survival, growth, development …

Calcifying echinoid larvae respond to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry with
reduced growth and developmental delay. To date, no information exists on how ocean …

Differences in larval developmental mode are predicted to affect ecological and evolutionary
processes ranging from gene flow and population bottlenecks to rates of population …

Kelp forests of the California Current System have experienced prolonged marine heatwave
(MHW) events that overlap in time with the phenology of life history events (eg …

Background Predicting effects of rapid climate change on populations depends on
measuring the effects of climate stressors on performance, and potential for adaptation …

Determining the effects of microplastic (MP) ingestion by marine organisms, especially
during the sensitive larval stages, is an important step in understanding wider ecosystem …

The copepod Calanus finmarchicus is a key component of northern Atlantic food webs,
linking energy-transfer from phytoplankton to higher trophic levels. We examined the effect …

With rising ocean temperatures, extreme weather events such as marine heatwaves (MHWs)
are increasing in frequency and duration, pushing marine life beyond their physiological …