The regular movements of waves and tides are obvious representations of the oceans'
rhythmicity. But the rhythms of marine life span across ecological niches and timescales …

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are swarming, oceanic crustaceans, up to two inches
long, and best known as prey for whales and penguins–but they have another important …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

High-latitude ecosystems are among the fastest warming on the planet. Polar species may
be sensitive to warming and ice loss, but data are scarce and evidence is conflicting,–. Here …

The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in regulating global climate as a major sink for
atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and in global ocean biogeochemistry by supplying …

Imaging underwater environments is of great importance to marine sciences, sustainability,
climatology, defense, robotics, geology, space exploration, and food security. Despite …

Important findings from the second decade of the 21st century on the impact of
environmental change on biological processes in the Antarctic were synthesised by 26 …

The Southern Ocean supports ecosystem services that are important on a global scale.
Climate change and human activities (tourism, fishing, and research) will affect both the …

The massive number of seabirds (penguins and procellariiformes) and marine mammals
(cetaceans and pinnipeds)–referred to here as top predators–is one of the most iconic …

Abstract The Weddell Gyre (WG) is one of the main oceanographic features of the Southern
Ocean south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current which plays an influential role in global …