Over the past decade, we have seen rapid advances in applying nanotechnology in
biomedical areas including bioimaging, biodetection, and drug delivery. As an emerging …

The immune system deploys a multitude of innate and adaptive mechanisms not only to
ward off pathogens but also to prevent malignant transformation (“immune surveillance”) …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a central role in tumor progression, metastasis,
and recurrence after treatment. Macrophage plasticity and diversity allow their classification …

The tumour microenvironment (TME) is composed of extracellular matrix and non-mutated
cells supporting tumour growth and development. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) …

Exosomes, the cell-derived small extracellular vehicles, play a vital role in intracellular
communication by reciprocally transporting DNA, RNA, bioactive protein, chains of glucose …

Immunotherapy has achieved revolutionary success in clinics, but it remains challenging for
treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) characterized by high vascularization. Here, it is …

DNA has proven of high utility to modulate the surface functionality of metal–organic
frameworks (MOFs) for various biomedical applications. Nevertheless, current methods for …

Introduction Vaccination remains very effective in stimulating protective immune responses
against infections. An important task in antibody and vaccine preparation is to choose an …

Nanoparticles is promising for enhancing cancer immunotherapy efficacy via the regulation
of tumor microenvironment (TME), but the efficiency of regulation remains challenging …

Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted tremendous research interest due to its excellent
electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Here, we apply the polyethylene glycol (PEG) …