Ocean warming has severe impacts on coral reef ecosystems with frequent incidences of
coral bleaching. In addition, eutrophication poses an increasing threat to coral reef …

To thrive in nutrient-poor waters, coral reefs must retain and recycle materials efficiently. This
review centers microbial processes in facilitating the persistence and stability of coral reefs …

The ocean is critically important to our global economy. Collectively, it is estimated that
ocean-based industries and activities contribute hundreds of millions of jobs and …

Climate change is increasing the frequency and magnitude of temperature anomalies that
cause coral bleaching, leading to widespread mortality of stony corals that can …

Coral reefs are facing intensifying stressors, largely due to global increases in seawater
temperature and decreases in pH. However, there is extensive environmental variability …

Land-based nitrogen pollution is a major threat to coastal ecosystems, especially in tropical
regions home to high biodiversity habitats such as coral reefs and seagrass beds. The …

For reef framework to persist, calcium carbonate production by corals and other calcifiers
needs to outpace loss due to physical, chemical, and biological erosion. This balance is …

Marine litter is recognized as an increasing component of marine ecosystem pollution. In this
baseline study, we document the magnitude, types, sources, and potential impacts of litter …

Coral reefs continue to experience extreme environmental pressure from climate change
stressors, but many coral reefs are also exposed to eutrophication. It has been proposed that …

A substantial body of research now exists demonstrating sensitivities of marine organisms to
ocean acidification (OA) in laboratory settings. However, corresponding in situ observations …