Most species on Earth are insects and thus, understanding their evolutionary relationships is
key to understanding the evolution of life. Insect relationships are increasingly well …

Progress toward understanding the dynamics of ancient plant-insect associations has
addressed major patterns in the ecology and evolution of herbivory and pollination. This …

Polyneoptera represents one of the major lineages of winged insects, comprising around
40,000 extant species in 10 traditional orders, including grasshoppers, roaches, and …

Phasmatodea comprises over 3,000 extant species and stands out as one of the last
remaining insect orders for which a robust, higher-level phylogenetic hypothesis is lacking …

In this foundational book, Robert Trivers seeks to answer one of the most provocative and
consequential questions to face humanity: why do we lie to ourselves? Deception is …

The insect order Phasmatodea is known for large slender insects masquerading as twigs or
bark. In contrast to these so-called stick insects, the subordinated clade of leaf insects …

Background The re-evolution of complex characters is generally considered impossible, yet,
studies of recent years have provided several examples of phenotypic reversals shown to …

Stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) are large, tropical, predominantly nocturnal
herbivores, which exhibit extreme masquerade crypsis, whereby they morphologically and …

(Leprocaulinus, Macrophasma, and Phobaeticus) and conspecific males being winged.
Ocelli are present only in individuals capable of flight, but are also absent in many winged …

During the past 20 years, more than 1,600 species of well-preserved fossil insects, including
members of over 270 families within 24 orders, have been described from the Middle …