Reciprocity is a major factor in human social life and accounts for a large part of cooperation
in our communities. Direct reciprocity arises when repeated interactions occur between the …

Direct reciprocity is the tendency to repay others' cooperation. This tendency can be crucial
to maintain cooperation in evolving populations. Once direct reciprocity evolves, individuals …

Direct and indirect reciprocity are key mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation. Direct
reciprocity means that individuals use their own experience to decide whether to cooperate …

Social dilemmas occur when incentives for individuals are misaligned with group
interests,,,,,–. According to the 'tragedy of the commons', these misalignments can lead to …

Uncertainties are ubiquitous in everyday life, and it is thus important to explore their effects
on the evolution of cooperation. In this paper, the prisoner's dilemma game with …

Indirect reciprocity is the most elaborate and cognitively demanding 1 of all known
cooperation mechanisms 2, and is the most specifically human 1, 3 because it involves …

Reciprocity is a simple principle for cooperation that explains many of the patterns of how
humans seek and receive help from each other. To capture reciprocity, traditional models …

In repeated social interactions, individuals often employ reciprocal strategies to maintain
cooperation. To explore the emergence of reciprocity, many theoretical models assume …

Direct reciprocity is a powerful mechanism for the evolution of cooperation based on
repeated interactions between the same individuals. But high levels of cooperation evolve …

In repeated interactions, players can use strategies that respond to the outcome of previous
rounds. Much of the existing literature on direct reciprocity assumes that all competing …