River-bed sediments display two universal downstream trends: fining, in which particle size
decreases; and rounding, where pebble shapes evolve toward ellipsoids. Rounding is …

Stone deterioration is a non-linear process that is difficult to observe in a short period. The
current study documents surface changes related to material loss using terrestrial laser …

The oolitic limestone blocks on the buildings of Budapest show extensive crust formation,
which is related to atmospheric pollution and continental climate. Crusts can be grouped …

A novel approach of studying dust, black crust and host limestones by using various
techniques is presented in this paper. Samples were collected from limestone monuments …

Euville and Savonnières limestones were weathered by acid test and this resulted in the
formation of a gypsum crust. In order to characterize the crystallization pattern and the …

Most historic structures and many of our recent buildings have been constructed from natural
stone. This chapter gives an overview of available natural stone resources and trends in …

2D resistivity methods can provide useful information about moisture distributions within
porous historic stonework, especially when used in conjunction with simulated driving rain …

Twenty-seven samples of black weathering crust and host carbonates were studied from
seven European countries (Germany, Hungary, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Italy and …

Natural porous rocks, like limestone and rhyolite tuff are able to reduce heavy metal
pollution by adsorbing or precipitating them from heavy metal containing solutions due to the …

This paper demonstrates the application of in situ diagnostic tools to document stone
heritage sites prior to conservation interventions using a Medieval ruin of Central Europe …