Under physiological conditions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is present at low levels in the
extracellular milieu, being massively released by stressed or dying cells. Once outside the …

Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the overproduction and incorporation of free
radicals and the dynamic ability of a biosystem to detoxify reactive intermediates. Free …

Microglial cells, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), exist in a
process-bearing, ramified/surveying phenotype under resting conditions. Upon activation by …

Seven P2X ion channel nucleotide receptor subtypes have been cloned and characterised.
P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are unusual in that there are extra amino acids in the intracellular …

The ATP-sensitive homomeric P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has received particular attention as a
potential drug target because of its widespread involvement in inflammatory diseases as a …

The P2X7 receptor is a cation channel activated by high concentrations of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP). Upon long-term activation, it complexes with membrane proteins forming …

ATP is a (co) transmitter and signaling molecule in the CNS. It acts at a multitude of ligand-
gated cationic channels termed P2X to induce rapid depolarization of the cell membrane …

ATP is released in an activity-dependent manner from different cell types in the brain,
fulfilling different roles as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, in astrocyte-to-neuron …

Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorders characterized by recurrent,
spontaneous, and unpredictable seizures. It is one of the most common neurological …

Based on promising preclinical evidence, microglial P2X7 has increasingly being
recognized as a target for therapeutic intervention in neurological and psychiatric diseases …