Droplet-based microfluidic systems generate, manipulate and control sub-microlitre droplets
enclosed within an immiscible carrier fluid. Owing to a number of remarkable features, such …

Biocatalysis has become an important aspect of modern organic synthesis, both in
academia and across the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Its success has been …

Unmasking the subtleties of the immune system requires both a comprehensive knowledge
base and the ability to interrogate that system with intimate sensitivity. That task, to a …

Biocatalysis has undergone revolutionary progress in the past century. Benefited by the
integration of multidisciplinary technologies, natural enzymatic reactions are constantly …

Novel and improved biocatalysts are increasingly sourced from libraries via experimental
screening. The success of such campaigns is crucially dependent on the number of …

Living systems contain a vast network of metabolic reactions, providing a wealth of enzymes
and cells as potential biocatalysts for chemical processes. The properties of protein and cell …

Drug development is a long process whose main content includes drug synthesis, drug
delivery, and drug evaluation. Compared with conventional drug development procedures …

Directed evolution is one of the most powerful tools for protein engineering and functions by
harnessing natural evolution, but on a shorter timescale. It enables the rapid selection of …

Microfluidics has become a mature technology, providing an excellent toolbox for the
handling and manipulation of fluid samples, suspended cells, and particles. About 30 years …

In two decades of development, impressive strides have been made for automating basic
laboratory operations in droplet-based microfluidics, allowing the emergence of a new form …