Because most plants rely on animals for pollination, insights from animal sensory ecology
and behavior are essential for understanding the evolution of flowers. In this review, we …

Floral scent constitutes an ancient and important channel of communication between
flowering plants, their pollinators, and enemies. Fragrance is a highly complex component of …

Insect pollination is a vital ecosystem service that maintains biodiversity and sustains
agricultural crop yields. Social bees are essential insect pollinators, so it is concerning that …

Background Flower coloration is a key enabler for pollinator attraction. Floral visual signals
comprise several components that are generated by specific anatomical structures and …

Throughout their lives animals must complete many tasks, including finding food, avoiding
predators, attracting mates, and navigating through a complex and dynamic environment …

Animal personalities or behavioural syndromes are consistent and/or correlated behaviours
across two or more situations within a population. Social insect biologists have measured …

There is increasing evidence of the benefits of introducing urban meadows as an alternative
to amenity mown grass in public greenspaces, both for biodiversity, and human wellbeing …

Mimicry is a classic example of adaptation through natural selection. The traditional focus of
mimicry research has been on defence in animals, but there is now also a highly-developed …

Diverse forms of nanoscale architecture generate structural colour and perform signalling
functions within and between species. Structural colour is the result of the interference of …

Despite the widespread assumption that the learning abilities of animals are adapted to the
particular environments in which they operate, the quantitative effects of learning …