Abstract Machines are systems that harness input power to extend or advance function.
Fundamentally, machines are based on the integration of materials with mechanisms to …

Transforming flat sheets into three-dimensional structures has emerged as an exciting
manufacturing paradigm on a broad range of length scales. Among other advantages, this …

We describe an approach to print composite polymers in high-resolution three-dimensional
(3D) architectures that can be rapidly transformed to a new permanent configuration directly …

This monograph presents a general mathematical theory for biological growth. It provides
both a conceptual and a technical foundation for the understanding and analysis of …

Shape transformations of active composites (ACs) depend on the spatial distribution of
constituent materials. Voxel-level complex material distributions can be encoded by 3D …

In this work, we advance printed active composites by combining 3D printing, printed
electronics, and liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) to achieve soft actuators with free-standing …

Self-actuating materials capable of transforming between three-dimensional shapes have
applications in areas as diverse as biomedicine, robotics, and tunable micro-optics. We …

Morphological instabilities and surface wrinkling of soft materials such as gels and biological
tissues are of growing interest to a number of academic disciplines including soft …

Shape-shifting of flat materials into the desired 3D configuration is an alternative design
route for fabrication of complex 3D shapes, which provides many benefits such as access to …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are an attractive platform for dynamic shape‐morphing due
to their ability to rapidly undergo large deformations. While recent work has focused on …