Micturition, or urination, occurs involuntarily in infants and young children until the age of 3
to 5 years, after which it is regulated voluntarily. The neural circuitry that controls this process …

This article summarizes anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and brain
imaging studies in humans and animals that have provided insights into the neural circuitry …

The large Trp gene family encodes transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins that form
novel cation-selective ion channels. In mammals, 28 Trp channel genes have been …

Storage and periodic expulsion of urine is regulated by a neural control system in the brain
and spinal cord that coordinates the reciprocal activity of two functional units in the lower …

The afferent innervation of the urinary bladder consists primarily of small myelinated (Aδ)
and unmyelinated (C-fiber) axons that respond to chemical and mechanical stimuli …

Functions of the lower urinary tract to store and periodically eliminate urine are regulated by
a complex neural control system in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral autonomic ganglia …

Signs of lower urinary tract (LUT) disease in domestic cats can be acute or chronic, and can
result from variable combinations of abnormalities within the lumen of the LUT, the …

The transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1) is an ion channel activated by
capsaicin, heat, protons and endogenous ligands such as anandamide. It is largely …

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is an uncommon but potentially devastating pelvic
pain disorder affecting both women and men. This condition is often confusable and …

This article is dedicated to the memory of Dr Carl Osborne, who in 1984 suggested that,“the
term feline urologic syndrome be substituted with descriptive terms pertaining to the site …