Animal venoms are complex mixtures containing peptides and proteins known as toxins,
which are responsible for the deleterious effect of envenomations. Across the animal …

Actinoporins (APs) are soluble pore-forming proteins secreted by sea anemones that
experience conformational changes originating in pores in the membranes that can lead to …

Sticholysin II (StII), a pore-forming toxin from the marine anemone Stichodactyla helianthus,
enhances an antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response when co-encapsulated …

Gene expression manipulation is pivotal in therapeutic approaches for various diseases.
Non-viral delivery systems present a safer alternative to viral vectors, with reduced …

Non-viral gene delivery systems offer significant potential for gene therapy due to their
versatility, safety, and cost advantages over viral vectors. However, their effectiveness can …

Spanish or Spanish-speaking scientists represent a remarkably populated group within the
scientific community studying pore-forming proteins. Some of these scientists, ourselves …

There are two kinds of toxins in sea anemones: neurotoxins and pore forming toxins. As a
representative of the sodium channel toxin, the neurotoxin ATX II in neurotoxin mainly affects …

Sphingomyelin (SM) is a major sphingolipid in mammalian cells. Although SM is enriched in
the outer leaflet of the cell plasma membrane, lipids are also observed in the inner leaflet of …

Staphylococcus aureus is a human opportunistic pathogen capable of causing multiple
infections in both humans and animals. It secretes a group of exotoxins, known as …

Present review article emphasizes species specific coelenterate toxins, its pharmaceutical
and therapeutic effects. Most of the coelenterates inflict venom accidently by using …