One of the current challenges in medicine is monitoring the patients' depth of general
anaesthesia (DGA). Accurate assessment of the depth of anaesthesia contributes to tailoring …

This paper presents a thorough review of control technologies that have been applied to
wastewater treatment processes in the environmental engineering regime in the past four …

The performance of bioreactors is not only determined by productivity but also by process
quality, which is mainly determined by variances in the process variables. As fluctuations in …

The smart use of water is a key factor in increasing food production. Over the years, irrigation
has relied on historical data and traditional management policies. Control techniques have …

This mini‐review discusses how soft sensors can contribute to accomplish FDA's process
analytical technology (PAT) ambitions in the manufacture of bio‐therapeutics. Focus is on …

Based on intervals bounding the uncertain initial conditions, inputs, model parameters and
measurements, interval observers provide guaranteed intervals for the state trajectory …

In this work, data-driven soft sensors are developed for the debutanizer column for online
monitoring of butane content in the debutanizer column bottom product. The data set …

Particle size soft sensing in cement mills will be largely helpful in maintaining desired
cement fineness or Blaine. Despite the growing use of vertical roller mills (VRM) for clinker …

Optimizing control of Escherichia coli cultures depends on the availability of appropriate on-
line sensors for the main culture components. An efficient and practical way to maintain E …

Due to the consequences of globa l warming and significant greenhouse gas emissions,
several ideas have been studied to reduce these emissions or to suggest solut ions for …