The prevalence of myopia has markedly increased in East and Southeast Asia, and
pathologic consequences of myopia, including myopic maculopathy and high myopia …

Background Excessive use of digital smart devices, including smartphones and tablet
computers, could be a risk factor for myopia. We aimed to review the literature on the …

Importance Early onset of myopia is associated with high myopia later in life, and myopia is
irreversible once developed. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of low-concentration …

Risk factor analysis provides an important basis for develo** interventions for any
condition. In the case of myopia, evidence for a large number of risk factors has been …

Introduction Exposure to blue light has seriously increased in our environment since the
arrival of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and, in recent years, the proliferation of digital devices …

Background To contribute to the WHO initiative, VISION 2020: The Right to Sight, an
assessment of global vision impairment in 2020 and temporal change is needed. We aimed …

Importance Time spent in outdoor activities has decreased owing to home confinement for
the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Concerns have been raised about …

Myopia, also known as short-sightedness or near-sightedness, is a very common condition
that typically starts in childhood. Severe forms of myopia (pathologic myopia) are associated …

Purpose To assess the efficacy and safety of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy in
myopia control in children. Design Multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, single-blind …

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of time outdoors per school day over 2 years on myopia
onset and shift. Design A prospective, cluster-randomized, examiner-masked, 3-arm trial …