The Monte Carlo (MC) method has been shown through many research studies to calculate
accurate dose distributions for clinical radiotherapy, particularly in heterogeneous patient …

Purpose A joint IAEA/AAPM international working group has developed a Code of Practice
(CoP) for the dosimetry of small static fields used in external megavoltage photon beam …

Advances in radiation treatment with beamlet‐based intensity modulation, image‐guided
radiation therapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery (including specialized equipments like …

For commissioning a linear accelerator for clinical use, medical physicists are faced with
many challenges including the need for precision, a variety of testing methods, data …

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) poses a number of challenges for properly
measuring commissioning data and quality assurance (QA) radiation dose distributions. This …

Small‐field dosimetry used in advance treatment technologies poses challenges due to loss
of lateral charged particle equilibrium (LCPE), occlusion of the primary photon source, and …

Purpose: Flattening filters (FFs) have been considered as an integral part of the treatment
head of a medical accelerator for more than 50 years. The reasons for the longstanding use …

The impact of density and atomic composition on the dosimetric response of various
detectors in small photon radiation fields is characterized using a'density-correction'factor, F …

A variety of detectors and procedures for the measurement of small field output factors are
discussed in the current literature. Different detectors with or without corrections are …

Purpose: To explain the reasons for significant quality correction factors in megavoltage
small photon fields and clarify the underlying concepts relevant to dosimetry under such …