The mammalian mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) includes complexes I‑IV, as
well as the electron transporters ubiquinone and cytochrome c. There are two electron …

Mitochondria are subcellular organelles involved in essential cellular functions, including
cytosolic calcium regulation, cell apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species production. They …

Patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) frequently receive platinum-based
chemotherapeutics, such as cisplatin. Cisplatin binds to DNA and induces DNA-damage …

Mitochondria generate heat due to H+ leak (IH) across their inner membrane. IH results from
the action of long-chain fatty acids on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown fat,,,–and …

Reperfusion injury, the paradoxical tissue response that is manifested by blood flow-
deprived and oxygen-starved organs following the restoration of blood flow and tissue …

Astrocytes extend highly branched processes that form functionally isolated microdomains,
facilitating local homeostasis by redistributing ions, removing neurotransmitters, and …

Creatine (Cr) is a ubiquitous molecule that is synthesized mainly in the liver, kidneys, and
pancreas. Most of the Cr pool is found in tissues with high-energy demands. Cr enters target …

Although immunotherapy by PD-1 blockade has dramatically improved the survival rate of
cancer patients, further improvement in efficacy is required to reduce the fraction of less …

The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) is a major transport protein of the inner
mitochondrial membrane. It exchanges mitochondrial ATP for cytosolic ADP and controls …

Oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis are involved in the pathogenesis of
doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Matrine is well-known for its powerful anti-oxidant …