Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an eczematous, pruritic skin disorder with extensive barrier
dysfunction and elevated interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 signatures. The barrier dysfunction …

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a member of the basic helix–loop–helix–(bHLH)
superfamily of transcription factors, which are associated with cellular responses to …

The global diversity of fungi has been estimated between 2 to 11 million species, of which
only about 155 000 have been named. Most fungi are invisible to the unaided eye, but they …

The epidermis forms a barrier that defends the body from desiccation and entry of harmful
substances, while also sensing and integrating environmental signals. The tightly …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is best
known for mediating the toxicity and tumour-promoting properties of the carcinogen 2, 3, 7, 8 …

Malassezia are lipid dependent basidiomycetous yeasts that inhabit the skin and mucosa of
humans and other warm-blooded animals, and are a major component of the skin …

Human skin functions as a physical, chemical, and immune barrier against the external
environment while also providing a protective niche for its resident microbiota, known as the …

Yeasts of the genus, Malassezia, formerly known as Pityrosporum, are lipophilic yeasts,
which are a part of the normal skin flora (microbiome). Malassezia colonize the human skin …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a cytoplasmic receptor and transcription factor
activated through cognate ligand binding. It is an important factor in immunity and tissue …

T helper-17 (Th17) cells, which mainly produce IL-17, are associated with development of
various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases …