The book is devoted to linear and nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations with
constant and variable delay. It considers qualitative features of delay differential equations …

This article presents a comprehensive literature survey on fractional-order optimal control
problems. Fractional-order differential equation is extensively used nowadays to model real …

This paper presents a direct solution technique for solving the generalized pantograph
equation with variable coefficients subject to initial conditions, using a collocation method …

This paper is concerned with a generalization of a functional differential equation known as
the pantograph equation which contains a linear functional argument. In this article, a new …

In this review paper, approximation methods for the free final time of fractional optimal
control problems (FOCPs) are displayed. The considered problems mainly include the …

In this article, a numerical technique is presented for the approximate solution of the Bagley–
Torvik equation, which is a class of fractional differential equations. The basic idea of this …

In the present paper, we apply the truncated Bessel series approximation by using
collocation scheme, for solving linear and nonlinear fractional optimal control problems …

In this study, we will obtain the approximate solutions of the HIV infection model of CD4+ T
by develo** the Bessel collocation method. This model corresponds to a class of …

This study aims to propose a new optimization method based on the generalized Bessel
polynomials (GBPs) as a class of basis functions for a category of nonlinear two-dimensional …

We study nonlinear pantograph-type reaction–diffusion PDEs, which, in addition to the
unknown u= u (x, t), also contain the same functions with dilated or contracted arguments of …