The relationship between insect pathogenic fungi and their insect hosts is a classic example
of a co-evolutionary arms race between pathogen and target host: parasites evolve towards …

Improved wound healing of burnt skin and skin lesions, as well as medical implants and
replacement products, requires the support of synthetical matrices. Yet, producing synthetic …

Rose petals may involve high water contact angles together with drop adhesion which are
antagonistic wetting properties. Petal surfaces have a cuticle which is generally considered …

Abstract Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Miller var. inermis Rehder) is highly susceptible to jujube
gall midge (Dasineura jujubifolia Jiao & Bu) larvae infestation, which causes rolled leaf …

Since scorpions exist almost all over the world, some expected body differences exist
among the species: undoubtedly, the most evident is the shape and size of their pincers or …

Simple Summary Cicadas are one of the most popular insects. Their loud mating songs,
newsworthy mass emergences and prolonged lifespan underground (17 years in some …

Robust body armor is one of many anti-predator strategies used among animal taxa. The
exoskeleton of insects can serve as the secondary defense mechanism in combination with …

Insects evolved various modifications to their mouthparts, allowing for a broad exploration of
feeding modes. In ants, workers perform non-reproductive tasks like excavation, food …

For flying insects, stability is essential to maintain the orientation and direction of motion in
flight. Flight instability is caused by a variety of factors, such as intended abrupt flight …

Compound eyes of insects should be both thin and transparent to allow light to pass
through, and at the same time mechanically stable to serve as exoskeleton. These …