The Child–Langmuir Law (CL), discovered a century ago, gives the maximum current that
can be transported across a planar diode in the steady state. As a quintessential example of …

Similarity theory and scaling laws determine how physical laws remain the same when
control parameters are changed, which is essential for the correlation, prediction, and …

The broad applications of ultrawide-band signals and terahertz waves in quantum
measurements,, imaging and sensing techniques,, advanced biological treatments, and very …

This Perspective outlines theoretical, simulation, and experimental studies linking electron
emission and gas breakdown. Many studies have investigated field emission-driven …

Fundamental processes for electric breakdown, ie, electrode emission and bulk ionization,
as well as the resultant Paschen's law, are reviewed under various conditions. The effect of …

In this work, the performance of a face-to-face gas sensor based on Mn nano-rod thin films
with different heights as both electrodes is reported. Paschen's law and departure from …

Paschen's law (PL), derived based on the Townsend avalanche (TA) condition, is commonly
used to predict gas breakdown. For microscale gaps near atmospheric pressure, TA is …

While well established for larger gaps, Paschen's law (PL) fails to accurately predict
breakdown for microscale gaps, where field emission becomes important. This deviation …

As electron emission devices continue to push technological limits of device size, electric
field, and temperature, characterization of device limitations due to thermionic (TE), field …

While experiment, simulation, and theory all show that the gas breakdown voltage
decreases linearly with gap distance for microscale gaps at atmospheric pressure due to the …