Abstract The Southern Ocean serves as the primary gateway through which the
intermediate, deep, and bottom waters of the ocean interact with the surface ocean (and thus …

This paper is concerned with how the diabatically-forced overturning circulations of the
atmosphere, established by the deep convection within the tropical trough zone (TTZ), first …

Ocean salinity records the hydrological cycle and its changes, but data scarcity and the large
changes in sampling make the reconstructions of long-term salinity changes challenging …

The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) is an endorsed project in the Coupled
Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). OMIP addresses CMIP6 science …

We estimate ocean heat content (OHC) change in the upper 2000 m in the Gulf of Mexico
(GOM) from 1950 to 2020 to improve understanding of regional warming. Our estimates are …

The overturning streamfunction as measured at the OSNAP (Overturning in the Subpolar
North Atlantic Program) mooring array represents the transformation of warm, salty Atlantic …

Symmetric instability (SI) extracts kinetic energy from fronts in the surface mixed layer (SML),
potentially affecting the SML structure and dynamics. Here, a global submesoscale …

Before-and-after photos of supratidal coastal boulder deposits (CBD) in the west of Ireland
show that storms in the winter of 2013–2014 transported boulders at elevations up to 29 m …

This study extends recent ocean reanalysis comparisons to explore improvements to several
next-generation products, the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation, version 3 (SODA3); the …

Abstract The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission aims to measure the
sea surface height (SSH) at a high spatial resolution using a Ka-band radar interferometer …