Understanding dryland dynamics is essential to predict future climate trajectories. However,
there remains large uncertainty on the extent to which drylands are expanding or greening …

Drought is one of the most difficult natural hazards to quantify and is divided into categories
(meteorological, agricultural, ecological and hydrological), which makes assessing recent …

Caption: Table A. 11. 2. Synthesis table summarising assessments presented in Tables 11.4-
11.21 for hot extremes (HOT EXT.), heavy precipitation (HEAVY PRECIP.), agriculture and …

Terrestrial ecosystems are essential for food and water security and CO2 uptake. Ecosystem
function is dependent on the availability of soil moisture, yet it is unclear how climate change …

Drylands are an essential component of the Earth System and are among the most
vulnerable to climate change. In this Review, we synthesize observational and modelling …

Severe and persistent 21st-century drought in southwestern North America (SWNA)
motivates comparisons to medieval megadroughts and questions about the role of …

Distortion of the water cycle, particularly of its extremes (droughts and pluvials), will be
among the most conspicuous consequences of climate change. Here we applied a novel …

Executive summary Land and climate interact in complex ways through changes in forcing
and multiple biophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks across different spatial and …

Droughts of the future are likely to be more frequent, severe, and longer lasting than they
have been in recent decades, but drought risks will be lower if greenhouse gas emissions …

The geography and timing of changes in water availability under climate change are of
considerable societal interest. Characterizing these changes in a robust and meaningful …