Temperature affects many life processes, but its effect might be expected to differ among
eukaryotic organisms inhabiting similar environments. We reviewed literature on …

Simple Summary The economic sustainability of beef herds relies on achieving a reliable
percentage of weaned calves. Efforts to lift reproductive efficiency of beef herds have …

Anthropogenic climate change is expected to have major impacts on domesticated livestock,
including increased heat stress in animals in both intensive and extensive livestock systems …

Cattle control body temperature in a narrow range over varying climatic conditions.
Endogenous body heat is generated by metabolism, digestion and activity. Radiation is the …

The severity of heat stress conditions in high-yielding dairy cows is currently
underestimated. The present study aimed to determine the heat load threshold of the …

In the last decades, a global warming trend was observed. Along with the temperature
increase, modifications in the humidity and wind regime amplify the regional and local …

Highlights•Heat stress affects the welfare and performance of dairy cows.•Animal-related
parameters should be used to detect individual heat load of cows.•Individual heat load can …

Abstract This Scientific Opinion addresses a European Commission's mandate on the
welfare of dairy cows as part of the Farm to Fork strategy. It includes three assessments …

Individual precision-cooling systems are intended to cool individual cows according to their
specific cooling needs. Now, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence and …

The effects of heat stress on dry cows are profound and significantly contribute to lower
overall welfare, productivity, and profitability of the dairy sector. Although dry cows are more …