Abstract The Southern Ocean has warmed substantially, and up to early 21st century,
Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion and increasing atmospheric CO 2 have conspired to …

The reality of human-induced climate change is unequivocal and exerts an ever-increasing
global impact. Access to the latest scientific information on current climate change and …

Oceanic eddy-induced meridional heat transport (EHT) is an important process in the
Southern Ocean heat budget, the variability of which significantly modulates global …

The observed rate of global warming since the 1970s has been proposed as a strong
constraint on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR) …

Sharp fronts and eddies that are ubiquitous in the world ocean, as well as features such as
shelf seas and under-ice-shelf cavities, are not captured in climate projections. Such small …

Ocean fronts, characterized by narrow zones with sharp changes in water properties, are
vital hotspots for ecosystem services and key regulators of regional and global climates …

In 2023, the global mean temperature soared to almost 1.5 kelvin above the preindustrial
level, surpassing the previous record by about 0.17 kelvin. Previous best-guess estimates of …

Abstract The European Destination Earth (DestinE) initiative aims at implementing a digital
twin of the Earth system. DestinE combines high-end physical with impact science enabled …

Scientific evidence is abundantly clear and convincing that due to the current trajectory of
human-derived emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, the atmosphere and ocean …

Southern Ocean surface cooling and Antarctic sea ice expansion from 1979 through 2015
have been linked both to changing atmospheric circulation and melting of Antarctica's …