Many animals, including insects, are known to use visual landmarks to orient in their
environment. In Drosophila melanogaster, behavioural genetics studies have identified a …

Recent experiments have shown that motion detection in Drosophila starts with splitting the
visual input into two parallel channels encoding brightness increments (ON) or decrements …

Sensory systems need to reliably extract information from highly variable natural signals.
Flies, for instance, use optic flow to guide their course and are remarkably adept at …

Early stages of visual processing must capture complex, dynamic inputs. While peripheral
neurons often implement efficient encoding by exploiting natural stimulus statistics …

Rapid eye movement sleep (REMs) is characterized by activated electroencephalogram
(EEG) and muscle atonia, accompanied by vivid dreams. REMs is homeostatically …

Abstract Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep is a distinct behavioral state associated with
vivid dreaming and memory processing. Phasic bursts of electrical activity, measurable as …

Highlights•Natural scenes are constrained and correlated in space and time.•Visual neurons
in insects are optimized to transform natural signals.•Photoreceptors extract more …

Similar to most visual animals, crabs perform proper avoidance responses to objects directly
approaching them. The monostratified lobula giant neurons of type 1 (MLG1) of crabs …

Neuronal selectivity results from both excitatory and suppressive inputs to a given neuron.
Suppressive influences can often significantly modulate neuronal responses and impart …

In the olfactory bulb, the modulatory neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is coexpressed with
GABA by local interneurons, but its role in odor processing remains obscure. We examined …