Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are key pollinators that support global agriculture and are long-
established models for developmental and behavioural research. Recently, they have …

The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera L., Hymenoptera: Apidae) is a species of crucial
economic, agricultural and environmental importance. In the last ten years, some regions of …

Abstract Beekeepers in the United States have experienced high losses of managed honey
bee (Apis mellifera) colonies for more than a decade. Long-term, multi-year monitoring …

Porous organic materials have garnered colossal interest with the scientific fraternity due to
their excellent gas sorption performances, catalytic abilities, energy storage capacities, and …

Adult honeybees harbor a specialized gut microbiota of relatively low complexity. While
seasonal differences in community composition have been reported, previous studies have …

Managed honey bee colony losses are of concern in the USA and globally. This survey,
which documents the rate of colony loss in the USA during the 2015–2016 season, is the …

Over the past decade, in some regions of the world, honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies
have experienced rates of colony loss that are difficult for beekeepers to sustain. The …

Bees acquire carbohydrates from nectar and lipids; and amino acids from pollen, which also
contains polysaccharides including cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. These potential …

Honey bees feed on floral nectar and pollen that they store in their colonies as honey and
bee bread. Social division of labor enables the collection of stores of food that are consumed …

Highlights•Bees' specific nutritional requirements are partitioned between pollen and
nectar.•Nectar and pollen provide carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and micronutrients.•Bee …