The knowns and unknowns of West Nile virus in Europe: what did we learn from the 2018 outbreak?
ABSTRACT Introduction: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne human and animal
pathogen with nearly worldwide distribution. In Europe, the virus is endemic with seasonal …
pathogen with nearly worldwide distribution. In Europe, the virus is endemic with seasonal …
Vector-virus interactions and transmission dynamics of West Nile virus
West Nile virus (WNV; Flavivirus; Flaviviridae) is the cause of the most widespread arthropod-
borne viral disease in the world and the largest outbreak of neuroinvasive disease ever …
borne viral disease in the world and the largest outbreak of neuroinvasive disease ever …
West Nile virus epidemic in Germany triggered by epizootic emergence, 2019
U Ziegler, PD Santos, MH Groschup, C Hattendorf… - Viruses, 2020 - mdpi.com
One year after the first autochthonous transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) to birds and
horses in Germany, an epizootic emergence of WNV was again observed in 2019. The …
horses in Germany, an epizootic emergence of WNV was again observed in 2019. The …
West Nile virus eco-epidemiology and climate change
West Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus with a wide geographical distribution. It is maintained
in an enzootic bird-mosquito cycle and exhibits regular zoonotic transmission to humans, to …
in an enzootic bird-mosquito cycle and exhibits regular zoonotic transmission to humans, to …
The contribution of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes to transmission and persistence of West Nile virus in North America
TG Andreadis - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 2012 - BioOne
Mosquitoes within the Culex pipiens complex have been implicated as major vectors of West
Nile virus (WNV) in North America due to their seasonal abundance, vector competence and …
Nile virus (WNV) in North America due to their seasonal abundance, vector competence and …
Reconstruction of the evolutionary history and dispersal of Usutu virus, a neglected emerging arbovirus in Europe and Africa
D Engel, H Jöst, M Wink, J Börstler, S Bosch… - MBio, 2016 - Am Soc Microbiol
Usutu virus (USUV), one of the most neglected Old World encephalitic flaviviruses, causes
epizootics among wild and captive birds and sporadic infection in humans. The dynamics of …
epizootics among wild and captive birds and sporadic infection in humans. The dynamics of …
Evolutionary dynamics of the lineage 2 West Nile virus that caused the largest European epidemic: Italy 2011–2018
C Veo, C Della Ventura, A Moreno, F Rovida… - Viruses, 2019 - mdpi.com
Lineage 2 West Nile virus (WNV) caused a vast epidemic in Europe in 2018, with the highest
incidence being recorded in Italy. To reconstruct the evolutionary dynamics and …
incidence being recorded in Italy. To reconstruct the evolutionary dynamics and …
West Nile virus population genetics and evolution
West Nile virus (WNV)(Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) is transmitted from mosquitoes to birds, but
can cause fatal encephalitis in infected humans. Since its introduction into North America in …
can cause fatal encephalitis in infected humans. Since its introduction into North America in …
[HTML][HTML] Horizontal and vertical transmission of West Nile virus genotype NY99 by Culex salinarius and genotypes NY99 and WN02 by Culex tarsalis
JF Anderson, AJ Main, G Cheng… - The American journal …, 2012 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Culex tarsalis is a superior horizontal and vertical vector of West Nile virus (WNV) compared
with Culex salinarius. Culex salinarius transmitted WNV genotype NY99 (CT 2741-99 strain) …
with Culex salinarius. Culex salinarius transmitted WNV genotype NY99 (CT 2741-99 strain) …
Fluid spatial dynamics of West Nile virus in the United States: Rapid spread in a permissive host environment
ABSTRACT The introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 is a
classic example of viral emergence in a new environment, with its subsequent dispersion …
classic example of viral emergence in a new environment, with its subsequent dispersion …