Red blood cells express high levels of hemoglobin A tetramer (α2β2) to facilitate oxygen
transport. Hemoglobin subunits and related proteins are also expressed at lower levels in …

Expression of multiple hemoglobin isoforms with differing physiochemical properties likely
helps species adapt to different environmental and physiological conditions. Antarctic …

Erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), are essential components of vertebrate blood,
comprising approximately 45% of human blood volume. Their distinctive features, including …

White-blooded Antarctic icefishes, a family within the adaptive radiation of Antarctic
notothenioid fishes, are an example of extreme biological specialization to both the chronic …

In the freezing waters of the Southern Ocean, Antarctic teleost fish, the Notothenioidei, have
developed unique adaptations to cope with cold, including, at the extreme, the loss of …

Simple Summary Antarctic icefish are unusual in that they are the only vertebrates that
survive without the protein haemoglobin. One way to try and understand the biological …

Bacteria or viral outbreaks can cause tilapia hemorrhage, ensuring considerable volume of
hemoglobin (Hb) into the tissue. However, the hemoglobin toxicity on tissue and high doses …

Summary Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) are an external Territory of Australia,
located approximately 4000 kilometres southwest of Australia in the southern Indian Ocean …

Red blood cells (erythrocytes, RBCs) are common to almost all vertebrate life on earth. In
humans, RBCs circulate for approximately 120 days prior to their phago-cytic destruction by …