Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease and the leading
cause of hypothyroidism, in which damage to the thyroid gland occurs due to the infiltration …

Background Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is characterized by thyroid dysfunction and
deficits in the autoimmune system. Growing attention has been paid toward the field of gut …

Background: The gut is a target organ of thyroid hormone (TH) that exerts its action via the
nuclear thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. THs are …

There is emerging evidence that microbiota and its metabolites play an important role in
helath and diseases. In this regard, gut microbiota has been found as a crucial component …

Gut microbiota dysbiosis has recently been reported in a number of clinical states, including
neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular, metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Yet, it is not …

Background Mental disorders may be involved in neuroinflammatory processes that are
triggered by gut microbiota. How gut microbiota influence microglia-mediated sensitivity to …

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrinopathy, and levothyroxine is frequently prescribed.
Despite the basic tenets of initiating and adjusting levothyroxine being agreed on, there are …

The relationship between dysbiosis and central nervous diseases has been proved in the
last 10 years. Microbial alterations cause increased intestinal permeability, and the …

Many drugs can perturb the gut microbiome, potentially leading to negative health
consequences. However, mechanisms of most microorganism–drug responses have not …

Thyroid diseases are common conditions that have a negative impact on the health of all
populations. The literature sheds light on the differences in the composition of the intestinal …