Estrogens have historically been associated with female reproduction, but work over the last
two decades established that estrogens and their main nuclear receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) …

Inflammatory activation of microglia is a hallmark of several disorders of the central nervous
system. In addition to protecting the brain against inflammatory insults, microglia are …

Estrogens are the primary female sex hormones and play important roles in both
reproductive and non-reproductive systems. Estrogens can be synthesized in non …

Sexual dimorphisms in the brain underlie behavioral sex differences, but the function of
individual sexually dimorphic neuronal populations is poorly understood. Neuronal sexual …

For over three decades, Allan N. Schore has authored numerous volumes, chapters, and
articles on regulation theory, a biopsychosocial model of the development …

The incidence of cardiovascular disease differs significantly between men and women, in
part because of differences in risk factors and hormones. 1 The incidence of atherosclerotic …

Thyroid hormones (THs) play critical roles in the differentiation, growth, metabolism, and
physiological function of virtually all tissues. TH binds to receptors that are ligand …

Our appreciation of the physiological functions of estrogens and the mechanisms through
which estrogens bring about these functions has changed during the past decade. Just as …

Although progesterone has been recognized as essential for the establishment and
maintenance of pregnancy, this steroid hormone has been recently implicated to have a …

I. Introduction II. 9S Receptors A. Estrogen receptors (ERs) B. Progesterone receptors (PRs)
C. Androgen receptors (ARs) D. Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) E. Mineralocorticoid …