Reported human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) in Europe increased dramatically in 2018.
Lineage 1 strains had been circulating in Euro-Mediterranean countries since the early …

In the Anthropocene context, changes in climate, land use and biodiversity are considered
among the most important anthropogenic factors affecting parasites-host interaction and …

Background West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus which has been posing
continuous challenges to public health worldwide due to the identification of new lineages …

The West Nile virus (WNV), isolated in 1937, is an arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) that
infects thousands of people each year. Despite its burden on global health, little is known …

West Nile virus lineage 2 (WNV-L2) emerged in Europe in 2004; since then, it has spread
across the continent, causing outbreaks in humans and animals. During 2017 and 2020 …

Horses and other equids can be infected with several viruses of the family Flaviviridae,
belonging to the genus Flavivirus and Hepacivirus. This consensus statement focuses on …

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito‐borne emerging virus in Europe with capacity to cause
neurological complications such as encephalitis or meningoencephalitis in humans, birds or …

Since 2015, annual West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks of varying intensities have been
reported in France. Recent intensification of enzootic WNV circulation was observed in the …

Background Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging neurotropic arthropod-borne virus recently
involved in massive die offs of wild birds predominantly reported in Europe. Although …

West Nile virus (WNV), like the dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), are major
arboviruses belonging to the Flavivirus genus. WNV is emerging or endemic in many …