Living biological systems, ranging from single cells to whole organisms, can sense, process
information, and actuate in response to changing environmental conditions. Inspired by …

Microbes are typically surrounded by different strains and species with whom they compete
for scarce nutrients and limited space. Given such challenging living conditions, microbes …

Most microbial communities consist of a genetically diverse assembly of different organisms,
and the level of genetic diversity plays an important part in community properties and …

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability is poorly understood in
microbial communities. Biofilm communities in small bioreactors called microbial electrolysis …

Multicellular assemblages of microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature, and the proximity
afforded by aggregation is thought to permit intercellular metabolic coupling that can …

Cells respond to the environment and alter gene expression. Recent studies have revealed
the social aspects of bacterial life, such as biofilm formation. Biofilm formation is largely …

The ability of bacterial cells to adhere to and interact with surfaces to eventually form a
biofilm is a crucial trait for the survival of any microorganism in a complex environment. As a …

Most bacteria in nature exist as biofilms, which support intercellular signalling processes
such as quorum sensing (QS), a cell-to-cell communication mechanism that allows bacteria …

Microbial life abounds on surfaces in both natural and industrial environments, one of which
is the food industry. A solid substrate, water and some nutrients are sufficient to allow the …

Microbial communities are spatially organized in both the environment and the human body.
Although patterns exhibited by these communities are described by microbial biogeography …