Manipulation and navigation of micro and nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can
be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have …

We present artificially motorized sperm cells a novel type of hybrid micromotor, where
customized microhelices serve as motors for transporting sperm cells with motion …

The magnetic microrobots promise benefits in minimally invasive cell-based therapy.
However, they generally suffer from an inevitable compromise between their magnetic …

Controllable propulsion of microscale and nanoscale devices enhanced with additional
functionality would enable the realization of miniaturized robotic swimmers applicable to …

Mobile microrobots have a promising future in various applications. These include targeted
drug delivery, local measurement, biopsy or microassembly. Studying mobile microrobots …

Magnetic microrobots that swim through liquid media are of interest for minimally invasive
medical procedures, bioengineering, and manufacturing. Many of the envisaged …

Externally controlled microswimmers offer prospects for transport in biological research and
medical applications. This requires biocompatibility of the swimmers and the possibility to …

Magnetic microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) have long been used as ideal
miniaturized delivery and detection platforms. Their use as micro‐and nanorobots (MNRs) is …

Artificial bacterial flagella (ABFs) are magnetically actuated swimming microrobots inspired
by Escherichia coli bacteria, which use a helical tail for propulsion. The ABFs presented are …

Chemically active colloids self-propel by catalysing the decomposition of molecular
'fuel'available in the surrounding solution. If the various molecular species involved in the …