The prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been consistently increasing
worldwide. Sharing powerful genetic and environmental features in their pathogenesis …

NF-κB signaling has been discovered for nearly 40 years. Initially, NF-κB signaling was
identified as a pivotal pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. However, with …

The procurement and management of nutrients and ability to fight infections are fundamental
requirements for survival. These defense responses are bioenergetically costly, requiring …

Obesity is a state of low-grade chronic inflammation that causes multiple metabolic
diseases. During obesity, signalling via cytokines of the TNF family mediate cell death and …

White adipose tissue, once regarded as morphologically and functionally bland, is now
recognized to be dynamic, plastic and heterogenous, and is involved in a wide array of …

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a classical, pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine. It is also
the first 'adipokine'described to be produced from adipose tissue, regulated in obesity and …

Brown and beige adipocytes are mitochondria-enriched cells capable of dissipating energy
in the form of heat. These thermogenic fat cells were originally considered to function solely …

Obesity is becoming an epidemic in the United States and worldwide and increases risk for
many diseases, particularly insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular …

Adipose tissue plays essential roles in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis. To date
several types of adipose tissue have been identified, namely white, brown, and beige, that …

Adipose tissue not only has an important role in the storage of excess nutrients but also
senses nutrient status and regulates energy mobilization. An overall positive energy balance …