Targeted immunotherapy has improved patient survival in head and neck squamous cell
carcinoma (HNSCC), but less than 20% of patients produce a durable response to these …

During the 19th century, for the first time, the linkage between inflammation and cancer was
established. Inflammatory microenvironment is an essential component of the tumor …

Tumours grow within an intricate network of epithelial cells, vascular and lymphatic vessels,
cytokines and chemokines, and infiltrating immune cells. Different types of infiltrating …

The inherent complexity of multifactorial diseases such as cancer renders the process of
patient prognosis and prediction of response to therapy extremely difficult. Many markers …

The natural history of a tumor includes phases of 'in situ'growth, invasion, extravasation and
metastasis. During these phases, tumor cells interact with their microenvironment and are …

Macrophages (M) are prominent components of solid tumors and exhibit distinct
phenotypes in different microenvironments. We have recently found that tumors can alter the …

The complexity of the tumor immunoenvironment is underscored by the emergence and
discovery of different subsets of immune effectors and regulatory cells. Tumor-induced …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a complex tissue that contains tumor
cells and the surrounding stroma, which is populated by different types of mesenchymal …

In children, cancer probably arises from a combination of inherited genetic mutations and
genetic alterations that are acquired during the rapid cellular expansion that occurs during …

Purpose: CD4+ T cells play a central role in initiating and maintaining anticancer immune
responses. However, regulatory CD4+ CD25+ T cells which express Foxp3 have also been …