In human pathophysiology, the clash between microbial infection and host immunity
contributes to multiple diseases. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a classical example of this …

Notably, bacterial biofilm formation is increasingly recognized as a passive virulence factor
facilitating many infectious disease processes. In this review we will focus on bacterial …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes severe and persistent infections in immune compromised
individuals and cystic fibrosis sufferers. The infection is hard to eradicate as P. aeruginosa …

The Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) has been studied primarily in the context of its
role as a quorum-sensing signaling molecule. Recent data suggest, however, that this …

The capacity to release genetic material into the extracellular medium has been reported in
cultures of numerous species of bacteria, archaea, and fungi, and also in the context of …

Twenty-five years have passed since the discovery of cyclic dimeric (3′→ 5′) GMP (cyclic
di-GMP or c-di-GMP). From the relative obscurity of an allosteric activator of a bacterial …

Extracellular polysaccharides comprise a major component of the biofilm matrix. Many
species that are adept at biofilm formation have the capacity to produce multiple types of …

Biofilms are a predominant form of growth for bacteria in the environment and in the clinic.
Critical for biofilm development are adherence, proliferation, and dispersion phases. Each of …

The ability to form biofilms is a universal attribute of bacteria. Biofilms are multicellular
communities held together by a self-produced extracellular matrix. The mechanisms that …

The growth of bacteria as structured aggregates termed biofilms leads to their protection
from harsh environmental conditions such as physical and chemical stresses, shearing …