Abstract Purpose of Review We provided an overview of sampling methods for hard-to-
reach populations and guidance on implementing one of the most popular approaches …

Random walks are ubiquitous in the sciences, and they are interesting from both theoretical
and practical perspectives. They are one of the most fundamental types of stochastic …

Surveys are used extensively in psychology, sociology and business, as well as many other
areas, but they are becoming increasingly difficult to conduct. Some segments of the …

Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a widely used method for sampling from hard-to-
reach human populations, especially populations at higher risk for human immunodeficiency …

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of different logistic regression estimators
applied to RDS studies via simulation and the analysis of empirical data. Four simulated …

Web surveys can be conducted relatively fast and at relatively low cost. However, Web
surveys are often conducted with nonprobability samples and, therefore, a major concern is …

The majority of research on sexual minority individuals relies on nonprobability community
venue samples. These samples are prone to selection bias; however, empirical syntheses of …

Background Accurate prevalence estimates of drug use and its harms are important to
characterize burden and develop interventions to reduce negative health outcomes and …

Purpose Reinforcement learning (RL) is the subfield of machine learning focused on optimal
sequential decision making under uncertainty. An optimal RL strategy maximizes cumulative …

Background Traditional survey methods are limited in the study of hidden populations due to
the hard to access properties, including lack of a sampling frame, sensitivity issue, reporting …