Ownership and value go together, and understanding both is imperative for children to know
how to act in socially appropriate and advantageous ways. This paper reviews how children …

The social punishment (SP) of norm violations has received much attention across multiple
disciplines. However, current models of SP fail to consider the role of motivational …

Third-party punishment of antisocial others is unique to humans and seems to be universal
across cultures. However, its emergence in ontogeny remains unknown. We developed a …

We characterize investors' moral preferences in a parsimonious experimental setting, where
we auction stocks with various ethical features. We find strong evidence that investors seek …

Adults and older children are more likely to punish a wrongdoer for a moral transgression
when the victim belongs to their group. Building on these results, in violation-of-expectation …

Choosing adequate partners is essential for cooperation, but how children calibrate their
partner choice to specific social challenges is unknown. In two experiments, 4‐to 7‐year …

Whereas adults largely base their evaluations of others' actions on others' intentions, a host
of research in developmental psychology suggests that younger children privilege outcome …

Humans closely monitor others' cooperative relationships [1, 2]. Children and adults willingly
incur costs to reward helpers and punish non-helpers—even as bystanders [3–5]. Already …

Humans' evolutionary success has depended in part on their willingness to punish, at
personal cost, bad actors who have not harmed them directly—a behavior known as costly …

Cooperative societies rely on reward and punishment for norm enforcement. We examined
the developmental origin of these interventions in the context of distributive fairness: past …