Biofilms are a form of collective life with emergent properties that confer many advantages
on their inhabitants, and they represent a much higher level of organization than single cells …

By controlling nutrient cycling and biomass production at the base of the food web,
interactions between phytoplankton and bacteria represent a fundamental ecological …

Harmful cyanobacteria are a global environmental problem, yet we lack actionable
understanding of toxigenic versus nontoxigenic strain ecology and toxin production. We …

Contents Summary 1197 I. Introduction 1198 II. Measurement and imaging of H2O2 1198 III.
H2O2 and O2·− toxicity 1199 IV. Production of H2O2: enzymes and subcellular locations …

Recent advances in studying the dynamics of marine microbial communities have shown
that the composition of these communities follows predictable patterns and involves complex …

Microbial ecology as a scientific field is fundamentally driven by technological advance. The
past decade's revolution in DNA sequencing cost and throughput has made it possible for …

Whether a small cell, a small genome or a minimal set of chemical reactions with self-
replicating properties, simplicity is beguiling. As Leonardo da Vinci reportedly said,'simplicity …

The marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the smallest and most abundant
photosynthetic organism on Earth. In this Review, we summarize our understanding of the …

The bacteria that can be grown in the laboratory are only a small fraction of the total diversity
that exists in nature. At all levels of bacterial phylogeny, uncultured clades that do not grow …

Reductive genomic evolution, driven by genetic drift, is common in endosymbiotic bacteria.
Genome reduction is less common in free-living organisms, but it has occurred in the …