In the past years, network theory has successfully characterized the interaction among the
constituents of a variety of complex systems, ranging from biological to technological, and …

Evolutionary theory postulates that altruistic behavior evolved for the return-benefits it bears
the performer. For return-benefits to play a motivational role, however, they need to be …

Background The human sense of fairness presents an evolutionary puzzle because it
appears to run counter to the short-term interests of at least some parties. We not only react …

Второе издание учебника институциональной экономики (новой институциональной
экономической теории) основано на опыте преподавания этой дисциплины на …

Although cooperation is a widespread phenomenon in nature, human cooperation exceeds
that of all other species with regard to the scale and range of cooperative activities. Here we …

The demographic success of humans compared with other closely related species can be
attributed to the relatively rapid pace of reproduction and improved chances of survival. The …

Elephants are widely assumed to be among the most cognitively advanced animals, even
though systematic evidence is lacking. This void in knowledge is mainly due to the danger …

The predation strategy for predators and the avoidance strategy of prey are important topics
in ecology and evolutionary biology. Both prey and predators adjust their behaviours in …

Humans extensively help others altruistically, which plays an important role in maintaining
cooperative societies. Although some nonhuman animals are also capable of hel** others …

Human characteristics are the product of gene–culture coevolution, which is an evolutionary
dynamic involving the interaction of genes and culture over long time periods. Gene–culture …