Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable attention in various fields, such as
cosmetics, the food industry, material design, and nanomedicine. In particular, the fast …

The historical reliance of biological research on the use of animal models has sometimes
made it challenging to address questions that are specific to the understanding of human …

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based nucleic acid testing has played a critical role in
disease diagnostics, pathogen surveillance, and many more. However, this method requires …

Prokaryotes are equipped with a variety of resistance strategies to survive frequent viral
attacks or invading mobile genetic elements. Among these, CRISPR–Cas surveillance …

Viral infections are one of the most intimidating threats to human beings. One convincing
example is the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2. Rapid …

R-loops are three-stranded structures that harbour an RNA–DNA hybrid and frequently form
during transcription. R-loop misregulation is associated with DNA damage, transcription …

Dynamic DNA nanotechnology, a subfield of DNA nanotechnology, is concerned with the
study and application of nucleic acid strand-displacement reactions. Strand-displacement …

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas systems are well-
known acquired immunity systems that are widespread in archaea and bacteria. The RNA …

In recent years, messenger RNA (mRNA) has come into the spotlight as a versatile
therapeutic with the potential to prevent and treat a staggering range of diseases. Billions of …

Naturally occurring stem cells isolated from humans have been used therapeutically for
decades. This has primarily involved the transplantation of primary cells such as …