In this paper, the particle acceleration processes around magnetotail dipolarization fronts
(DFs) were reviewed. We summarize the spacecraft observations (including Cluster …

We examine the pitch angle distribution (PAD) of suprathermal electrons (> 40 keV) inside
the flux pileup regions (FPRs) that are located behind the dipolarization fronts (DFs), in order …

Using Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms observations
from four tail seasons, we study the three‐dimensional structure of the dipolarization front …

The occurrence rate of earthward‐propagating dipolarization fronts (DFs) is investigated in
this paper based on the 9 years (2001–2009) of Cluster 1 data. For the first time, we select …

Abstract Anti‐dipolarization fronts (ADFs), characterized by the rapid increase of the
negative magnetic field Bz component, are typically formed at the leading edge of the …

The electron rolling‐pin distribution, showing electron pitch angles primarily at 0°, 90°, and
180°, has been widely studied in the Earth's magnetosphere, but has never been reported in …

Using high‐resolution data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, an electron‐only
reconnection current sheet is found between two successive dipolarization fronts (DFs). The …

During reconnection, a flux pileup region (FPR) is formed behind a dipolarization front in an
outflow jet. Inside the FPR, the magnetic field magnitude and Bz component increase and …

Magnetic reconnection is the physical process that converts the energy from the fields to the
plasmas in space, astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. The Reconnection front (RF) is the …

Dipolarization fronts (DFs) are widely believed to host energy conversion processes.
However, which mechanism is responsible for the energy conversion is still obscure. Using …