Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every
tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular …

Aberrant scar formation, which includes keloid and hypertrophic scars, is associated with a
pathological disorganized wound healing process with chronic inflammation. The TGF …

Numerous studies have demonstrated that endothelial cells are capable of undergoing
endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a newly recognized type of cellular …

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family controls many fundamental aspects of
cellular behavior. With advances in the molecular details of the TGF-β signaling cascade …

Since the identification in 1988 of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) as a potent inducer
of bone and cartilage formation, BMP superfamily signalling has become one of the most …

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic
outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic …

Cartilage homeostasis is governed by articular chondrocytes via their ability to modulate
extracellular matrix production and degradation. In turn, chondrocyte activity is regulated by …

Inhibitory Smads (I-Smads) have conserved carboxy-terminal MH2 domains but highly
divergent amino-terminal regions when compared with receptor-regulated Smads (R …

To investigate the cell-intrinsic aging mechanisms that erode the function of somatic stem
cells during aging, we have conducted a comprehensive integrated genomic analysis of …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis,
cell motility, extracellular matrix production, angiogenesis, and cellular immunity. It has a …