Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of fatality and disability worldwide.
Despite its high prevalence, effective treatment strategies for TBI are limited. Traumatic brain …

Since the 1980s, we have witnessed the rapid development of genetically modified mouse
models of human diseases. A large number of transgenic and knockout mice have been …

A critical step in preserving protein homeostasis is the recognition, binding, unfolding, and
translocation of protein substrates by six AAA-ATPase proteasome subunits (ATPase …

Maintaining a healthy proteome throughout life is critical for proper somatic stem cell
function, but the complexities of the stem cell response to increases in damaged or …

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in maintaining cell homeostasis and
function. However, it remains largely unknown whether and how neuronal activity impacts …

More than 27 yr ago, the vimentin knockout (Vim−/−) mouse was reported to develop and
reproduce without an obvious phenotype, implying that this major cytoskeletal protein was …

Ependymal cells form a specialized brain–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interface and regulate
local CSF microcirculation. It is becoming increasingly recognized that ependymal cells …

Glial cells expressing neuron‐glial antigen 2 (NG2), also known as oligodendrocyte
progenitor cells (OPCs), play a critical role in maintaining brain health. However, their ability …

Long-term exposure to high concentrations of fluoride (F) can damage mineralized and soft
tissues such as bones, liver, kidney, intestine, and nervous system of adult rats. The high …

Evidence that glial cells influence behavior has been gaining a steady foothold in scientific
literature. Out of the five main subtypes of glial cells in the brain, astrocytes and microglia …