Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells and participate in
intercellular communication. The components of exosomes, including proteins, DNA, mRNA …

The sustained growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells depend upon bidirectional
cell–cell communication within complex tissue environments. Such communication …

Tumour cells evade immune surveillance by upregulating the surface expression of
programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which interacts with programmed death-1 (PD-1) …

The tumor microenvironment represents a complex network, in which tumor cells not only
communicate with each other but also with stromal and immune cells. Current research has …

Tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of intercellular
communication between tumor cells and stromal cells in local and distant …

Tumors are not isolated entities, but complex systemic networks involving cell-cell
communication between transformed and non-transformed cells. The milieu created by …

Exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles (EVs), have been recognized as important
mediators of long distance intercellular communication and are involved in a diverse range …

Binding of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) to programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1)
leads to cancer immune evasion via inhibition of T cell function. One of the defining …

Exosomes have great potential to be drug delivery vehicles due to their natural material
transportation properties, intrinsic long-term circulatory capability, and excellent …

Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles with diameters from 30 to 150 nm, released upon
fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell surface. They can transport nucleic acids …