This review is an update of an earlier narrative review published in 2015 on developments
in the clinical management of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) including diagnosis, treatment …

Cyclobutanes are increasingly used in medicinal chemistry in the search for relevant
biological properties. Important characteristics of the cyclobutane ring include its unique …

Reevaluation of treatment guidelines for Old and New World leishmaniasis is urgently
needed on a global basis because treatment failure is an increasing problem. Drug …

Leishmania is an obligate intracellular pathogen that invades phagocytic host cells.
Approximately 30 different species of Phlebotomine sand flies can transmit this parasite …

The WHO recognizes human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and the
leishmaniases as neglected tropical diseases. These diseases are caused by parasitic …

Exploring microbial stress responses to drugs is crucial for the advancement of new
therapeutic methods. While current artificial intelligence methodologies have expedited our …

This review focuses on recent developments in the diagnosis, treatment, management, and
strategies for the prevention and control of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by both …

Protozoan diseases continue to be a worldwide social and economic health problem.
Increased drug resistance, emerging cross resistance, and lack of new drugs with novel …

Recently, vector-borne parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis have been emerged or re-
emerged in many geographical areas and resulted in global health and economic concerns …

Antimony toxicity occurs either due to occupational exposure or during therapy.
Occupational exposure may cause respiratory irritation, pneumoconiosis, antimony spots on …