It is well established that there are two different classes of enzymes—tryptophan 2, 3-
dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO)—that catalyse the O 2 …

l-tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid for mammals, is the precursor of a wide array of
immunomodulatory metabolites produced by the kynurenine and serotonin pathways. The …

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO1) catalyzes the first step in tryptophan breakdown along
the kynurenine pathway. Therapeutic inhibition of IDO1 is receiving much attention due to its …

The catabolism of melatonin, whether naturally occurring or ingested, takes place via two
pathways:∼ 70% can be accounted for by conjugation (sulpho-and glucurono-conjugation) …

Uncontrolled metabolism of l-tryptophan (l-Trp) in the immune system has been recognized
as a critical cellular process in immune tolerance. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) …

The improvement of body's own immune system is considered one of the safest approaches
to fight against cancer and several other diseases. Excessive catabolism of the essential …

The first step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism is the cleavage of the 2, 3-
double bond of the indole ring of tryptophan. In mammals, this reaction is performed …

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) is a heme containing enzyme that catalyses the
initial step in the major pathway of l-tryptophan catabolism; the kynurenine pathway. A large …

Natural quinones, often linked with cellular oxidation processes, exhibit pronounced
biological activity. In particular, the structurally unique isothiazolonaphthoquinone …

As an analogue of IDO1 (indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1), the well-known new therapeutic
target, IDO2 is receiving increased attention. Herein, the expression and purification of …