The persistent triploid endosperms of cereal crops are the most important source of human
food and animal feed. The development of cereal endosperms progresses through …

In angiosperms, double fertilization triggers the concomitant development of two closely
juxtaposed tissues, the embryo and the endosperm. Successful seed development and …

Enhancing crop productivity and their nutritional quality are the key components and primary
focus of crop improvement strategy for fulfilling future food demand and improving human …

Increasing grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) is required to meet the rapidly expanding
demands for maize-derived food, feed, and fuel. Breeders have enhanced grain productivity …

Background Drought is a serious causal factor of reduced crop yields than any other abiotic
stresses. As one of the most widely distributed crops, maize plants frequently suffer from …

The seed represents the unit of reproduction of flowering plants, capable of develo** into
another plant, and to ensure the survival of the species under unfavorable environmental …

In flowering plants, seed development is preceded by a double fertilization event, whereby
two male sperm cells fuse with two female gametes: the egg and central cells. The fertilized …

The evolution of seeds defines a remarkable landmark in the history of land plants. A
develo** seed contains three genetically distinct structures: the embryo, the nourishing …

Maize is a globally important food, feed crop and raw material for the food and energy
industry. Plant architecture optimization plays important roles in maize yield improvement …

The conventional understanding of the role of the seed coat is that it provides a protective
layer for the develo** zygote. Recent data show that the picture is more nuanced. The …